The "global warming potential" (GWP) of greenhouse gases measures what impact?

The concept of "global warming potential" (GWP) specifically quantifies the capability of a greenhouse gas to trap heat in the atmosphere relative to carbon dioxide over a specified time frame, typically 100 years. This measurement allows for the comparison of the climate impact of various greenhouse gases, taking into account both their atmospheric lifetime and their efficiency in absorbing infrared radiation.

Focusing on the tendency to affect climate change, GWP directly relates to how different gases contribute to the greenhouse effect, thereby influencing global temperatures and climate patterns. This makes the correct answer directly aligned with understanding how various gases contribute to the overarching issue of climate change, rather than the other aspects like biodiversity, soil quality, or influence on water resources. Each of these areas can be affected by climate change, but GWP itself is specifically designed to assess the potential warming impact of greenhouse gases.