What is a life cycle assessment (LCA)?

A life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive method used to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life, from raw material extraction through production and use, to disposal or recycling. It provides a holistic view of the ecological footprint of a product, allowing for identification of areas where improvements can be made to reduce negative environmental effects.

By focusing on the entire life cycle—often referred to as "cradle to grave"—LCA captures all relevant factors that contribute to a product's environmental impact, such as energy consumption, waste generation, emissions, and resource depletion. This systematic approach supports informed decision-making for both product design and policy development aimed at sustainability.

In contrast to the other options, which do not encapsulate the full scope and intent of LCA, this definition emphasizes the assessment of environmental impacts specifically associated with products, making it clear why it correctly identifies the nature of a life cycle assessment.