Why is biodiversity important for sustainability?

Biodiversity is crucial for sustainability because it contributes to ecosystem resilience. A diverse range of species in an ecosystem ensures that various ecological roles are filled, which helps maintain balance and function. When ecosystems are rich in biodiversity, they are better equipped to withstand environmental changes and disruptions, such as climate change, disease outbreaks, and habitat destruction. This resilience is vital for sustaining food webs and providing essential services such as clean air, water, and soil fertility — all of which are necessary for human survival and well-being.

In contrast, while other options touch on different aspects of sustainability or ecological management, they do not accurately highlight the positive role of biodiversity. For example, although simplifying agricultural practices might sound beneficial, reducing biodiversity can compromise an ecosystem’s ability to thrive in the long term. Similarly, technologies that support pollution are counterproductive to sustainability, and limiting the availability of resources can lead to scarcity, undermining ecological stability. Therefore, the connection between biodiversity and ecosystem resilience is central to achieving and maintaining sustainability.